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À±¼±¼÷ °Å¹®°í»êÁ¶

THE TWO CYCLES OF THE GEOMUNGO SANJOS 

PERFORMED BY YOON SUN-SUK


¡á ½ÅÄ赿·ù °Å¹®°í»êÁ¶                   À屸 : ±è û ¸¸

   The Sin Kwe-dong Ryu Geomungo Sanjo     janggu: Kim Cheong-man

1. ´Ù½º¸§°¡¶ô Daseureum       00:14

2. Áø¾çÁ¶ Jinyangjo     11:02

3. Á߸𸮠Jungmori      06:25

4. ÁßÁ߸𸮠Jungjungmori       03:37

5. ¾ù¸ð¸® Eonmori       02:34

6. ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® Jajinmori   08:07

        TOTAL 32:04


¡á ÇÑ°©µæ·ù °Å¹®°í»êÁ¶              ºÏ : ±è û ¸¸

   The Han Gap-deuk Ryu Geomungo Sanjo     buk: Kim Cheong-man

7. ´Ù½º¸§°¡¶ô Daseureum       00:16

8. Áø¾çÁ¶ Jinyangjo     09:01

9. Á߸𸮠Jungmori     06:43

10. ¾ù¸ð¸® Eonmori      01:57

11. ÁßÁ߸𸮠Jungjungmori       03:16

12. ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® Jajinmori   08:38

        TOTAL 30:00


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À±¼±¼÷ (ëÅà¼âÚ)  Yoon, Sun-suk


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THE TWO CYCLES OF THE GEOMUNGO SANJOS 

PERFORMED BY YOON SUN-SUK


THE PROGRAMME


I. The Sin Kwe-dong Ryu Geomungo Sanjo

        janggu: Kim Cheong-man

Daseureum

Jinyangjo

Jungmori

Jungjungmori

Eonmori

Jajinmori


II. The Han Gap-deuk Ryu Geomungo Sanjo

        buk: Kim Cheong-man

Daseureum

Jinyangjo

Jungmori

Eonmori

Jungjungmori

Jajinmori


Recording: 18 May 2007

Venue: Live performance at Wumyeondang, Gungnipgugakwon

NOTES FOR THE PROGRAMME


The Geomungo Sanjo


Sanjo (ߤðà, lit, means 'scattered melodies') is regarded as a highly artistic form of a solo instrumental music emerged in the late of the 19th century. It is known that the creator of the sanjo music was Kim Chang-jo (1856-1919), a master player on the gayageum (12 stringed zither), who made its frame from the existent folk garak (strains, or stock melodies) rooted from a shaman music, and later his frame was named as the 'Kim Chang-jo Ryu Gayageum Sanjo'. Then its form applied to the geomungo (6 stringed zither with a suldae) called the Geomungo Sanjo. Its music consists of 4 or 5 different jangdan(s) (rhythmic cycles) which differ in rhythms and tempi. The names of the jangdan also indicate the names of each section of the sanjo.


It is recognised that the geomungo sanjo originated from Baek Nak-jun (1876-1930), then his age of 20 in 1896 under the reign of the king Gojong 33 year, who framed it from the sinawi garak that was a shaman music derived from the southern Korea. The geomungo regarded as the instrument of literati who enjoyed playing jeongak (classical music) or pungnyu (music session among amateur artists), and it referred to 'baekakjijang ÛÝäÅñýíÛ' meaning 󰡒every seonbi (literati) requires possessing the geomungo in their study room󰡓 in the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). When the geomungo sanjo emerged as a new genre, people disapproved of it as vulgar played on the almost sacred instrument. Such circumstances and the population of jeongak hampered the new genre from shining to public until the modern time. But it came to be recognised and highly appreciated its musical value as a high art in the mid-20th century.


Since then a number of masters for the geomungo sanjo were born: based upon its original garak, each master player elaborated own's one. Individual musicians named it for their own names and some of them in the 1970s were designated as its holder officially, putting such term as 'ryu (·ù ×µ'), or 'badi (¹Ùµð)', or 'je (Á¦ ð¤)' that all indicating 'school, version, style', and so on. Its jangdan comprises jinyang, jungmori, jajinmori, like in a gayageum sanjo, as common speeds and rhythms, and other jangdans such as jungjungmori, eonmori, hwimori, added according to the individual makers. Thus the first geomungo sanjo was the Baek Nak-jun Je/ Ryu, and his contemporaries or successors had the different variations of his. Its genealogy passed down to Sin Kwe-dong, Kim Jong-gi, Pak Seok-gi, and the Pak Seok-gi Ryu transmitted to Han Gap-deuk.


I. The Sin Kwe-dong Ryu Geomungo Sanjo

        

Born in Iksan, the Northern Jeolla province, Sin Kwe-dong was a versatile and master musician not only on the sanjo music but some other genres of music such as jeongak and pungnyu. His father encouraged him to learn many other genres of music: before learning the sanjo from Baek Nak-jun, he studied the pungnyu music on the yanggeum (dulcimer), danso (small notched bamboo vertical flute) and daegeum (largest transverse bamboo flute) with Pak Saeng-soon; gayageum pungnyu and sanjo with Pak Hak-soon; the geomungo pungnyu garak with Jeong Il-dong and Kim Yong-geun. After he learned the Baek Nak-jun Ryu Geomungo Sanjo whose duration takes about 20 minutes, with his excellent musicianship and effort he completed his own Geomungo Sanjo by expanding its duration to about one hour. He became one of the best geomungo players. He also worked on a Geomungo Byeongchang (singing self-accompanied on the geomungo) as his own version and was designated as Jungyomuhyeongmunajae (Á߿乫Çü¹®È­Àç, Important Intangible Cultural Heritage) no. 16 for the Geomungo Sanjo in 1976.


His version consists of Jinyangjo, Jungmori, Jungjungmori, Eonmori and Jajinmori. It is distinctive in the rhythm and garak: its melody is reverberating and masculine. Its beginning and ending are framed clearly and perfectly. In general, his version requires a player's great energy and vitality. The whole piece of music in this CD takes about 32 minutes.

II. The Han Gap-deuk Ryu Geomungo Sanjo


Han Gap-deuk (1919-1987) was born in Gwangju, the southern Jeolla province and he is the older brother of Han Seung-ho, pansori myeongchang (renowned vocalist). He learned the gayageum sanjo from An Gi-ok for 3 years at the age of 13, and the geomungo sanjo, julpungnyu (pungnyu centred on the geomungo) and accompaniment of gagog from Pak Seok-gi for 8 years at the age of 15. As he was extraordinarily talented in music, he arranged and performed lots of new pieces based on garaks from which he had learned.


In particular, he made the audience to be surprised with his marvelous garak whenever he played. He was designated as Jungyomuhyeongmunajae (Á߿乫Çü¹®È­Àç, Important Intangible Cultural Heritage) no. 16 for the Han Gap-deuk Ryu Geomungo Sanjo in 1978. Its section is comprised of Jinyangjo, Jungmori, Eonmori, Jungjungmori and Jajinmori. As a totality its frame was grounded on Baek Nak-jun's garak, but he added an amount of his own garak to it, unlike the Sin Kwe-dong Ryu which largely transmitted to the garak of Baek Nak-jun. One of his unique playing techniques is the expression of plucking or flicking strings with the left-hand, exerting consecutive uses of jachulseong. The duration of the whole cycle takes about 70 minutes, but in this CD it lasts about 30 minutes.

THE PROFILE OF THE PERFORMERS


Yoon Sun-suk/ geomungo


Education


- Graduated from the Korean Traditional Music Department of Arts College, Gyeongbuk University

- Graduated from Postgraduate of Arts College, YongIn University

- Working on the PhD Course for Korean Traditional Music at Gyeongbuk University


Career


- Former member of the Gyeongbuk Dorip Gugakdan

- Former member of the Busan Sirip Gugak Orchestra

- Former Part-time member of the Jeongak Ensemble, Gungnipgugakwon

- Member of Geumyul Akhoi (Institution of the String Instrument Study)

- Member of Gudang Akhoi

- Member of the Preservation for the Korean Gagog

- Member of the Sori of Heaven and the Earth

- Researcher of Korean Jeonga (classical vocal music) and its Music, the Wolha Cultural Foundation


Awards


- The KBS All-University Student Participants Contest (1990)

- Silver prize for the Adult Part, the Donga Gugak Competition (1993)

- Silver prize for the Adult Part, the 30th Nangye Gugak Contest (2004)

- Grand prix for the Instrument Part, the 12th Gyeonggi Gugak Festival (2005)

- The Best prize for the String Instrument Part, the 23rd Silla Gugak Grand              Ceremony (2005)

- Grand prix for the Myeongin Part, the 3rd Okbogo Geomungo Contest (2006)


Musical activities


- Joined in the KBS Gugak Orchestra (1990)

- Solo for the All-Debut Concert sponsored by Jeongakwon (1992)

- Joined in Gyeongbuk Dorip Gugakdan (1993)

- The 1st Geomungo Recital (at Bukchon Changwu Theatre, 1995)

- Invited by Tokyo, Japan (1998)

- Joined in the Geomungo Concerto, 'Geumryuilyeo ÐÖ×Èìéåý' (first performance) at the Geumyul Akhoi Regular Concert (2001)

- Exchange concert with Japan sponsored by the KBS FM (2002)

- Released the CD of the geomungo ensemble from Geumyul Akhoi (the KBS FM, 2002)

- Invited by Simyang, China, for the 'Korean Province' Ceremony (2004)

- Joined in the 2004 Gugak Ceremony

- All-Gugak Orchestra and Ensemble Festival (2004)

- Tour concert for 'Sinnaneun Yesul Yeohaeng (Exciting Arts Trip)' sponsored by the Sori of Heaven and the Earth (2004)

- The 2nd Geomungo Recital (KOUS, 2004)

- Exchange performance of traditional music with Japan (Akita Prefecture, 2005)

- Recorded the Gugak CD - the solo pieces for the geomungo for children (2005)

- The 3rd Geomungo Recital (Wumyeondang, Gungnipgugakwon, 2006)

- The Doyama Prefecture Snow Festival, Japan (2007)

- The 4th Geomungo Recital (Wumyeondang, Gungnipgugakwon, 2007)

- The 5th Geomungo Recital for the Regular Tuesdays Concert, Gungnipgugakwon' (Wumyeondang, September 2007)


Tutors


Gu Yun-guk, Kim Mu-gil, Kim Seon-han, Yi Oh-gyu, Yi Se-hwan, Gang Deok-su and Jang Eun-seon

Kim Cheong-man/ janggu, buk


- Holder candidate for the Pansori Gobeop (technique of accompanying the drum for pansori performance), Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae (Important Intangible Cultural Heritage) no. 5.

- Director for the Dongchoje Pansori Reservation Society (Cop.)

- Chief Director for the Saewul Traditional Percussion Promotion Society (Cop.)

- Full-time Lecturer of Mokwon University

- Honoury Professor of Seoul Yesul University

- Lecturer of Universities of Seoul National, Danguk, ChungAng and The Korean National University of Arts.


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