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KANG EUN-KYUNG'S GAYAGEUM BYEONGCHANG

 - DAN'GA COLLECTION -



THE PROGRAMME


01 Jukjangmanghye

02 Cheongseongnyeong Jinagal Je

03 Gongmyeongga

04 Jangbuga

05 Honamga

06 Baekguga

07 Nogeumbangcho

08 MyeonggiMyeongchang

09 Baekbalga



P & C : Yang Jeong-hwan (Director)

Date of recording: 17 March 2007

Location of recording: The HUN Studio


gayageum byeongchang/ Kang Eun-kyung

janngu & buk/ Kim Cheong-man

Kang Eun-kyung's Gayageum Byeongchang

- Dan'ga Collection that is put her great effort


                Yi Bo-hyeong (Director of the Korean Old Phonography Society)



Kang Eun-kyung, at last, has released her own album called Gayageum Byeongchang - Dan'ga Collection. It would be no problem for her to release any genres of music and songs (i.e. some pansori repertory, folk music, sanjo), as she has so far been performing a wide range of repertories with a high standard. This album, however, may be publicising her decisions that she has chosen the gayageum byeongchang as her main performance area, as she reaches the height of her musical career.


Although the release of her CD for the Gayageum Byeongchang seems to be rather late viewing from her learning process and musical activities, it is evident that her artistry rendered on this album shows profoundly a high standard.


She came from a strong musical background of her family in Namwon, southern area of Korea and famous for pansori (narrative song performed one vocalist accompanied with a drum). There are a number of fine singers and musicians in the Gang family, her father's side, such relatives as Baek-cheon, Soon-geum, Jeong-yeol, and so on, and particularly Gang Do-geun, who was the elder brother of her father, was a well-known myeongchang (master singer) and holder of Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae in Folk Arts and Performance Skills.


Such musical environment offered her the opportunities to learn many kinds of musical genres at her very early age: all the genres, repertoire and techniques of nong'ak (Farmers's Band). This includes the seoljanggo, obuk, yeoldubal, sangmo, and so on with Kim Je-seop and Oh Gap-soon. She mastered other genres: gayageum byeongchang with the late Pak Gwi-hui (1921-1993, pen name: Hyangsa), An Suk-seon, Gang Jeong-suk, Jeong Ye-jin; gayageum sanjo with Pak Gwi-hui, Baek In-yeong, Gang Jeong-suk; pansori with Seong Wu-hyang and recently also  pansori and gayageum byeongchang with An Suk-seon. Such a variety of musical experience apparently helped her better interpret certain characteristic features of the gayageum byeongchang.


She has been actively engaged in a number of performances both at home and overseas, and won major awards in several competitions. She is currently devoting her great efforts to transmitting the gayageum byeongchang repertoire that its genealogy starts with Pak Gwi-hui - An Suk-seon - Gang Jeong-suk - Jeong Ye-jin - Kang Eun-kyung. Since her recognition on the part of the Gayageum Sanjo and Byeongchang, which was designated as Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae no. 23, she became a disciple of Gang Jeong-suk.


This CD includes nine pieces of Dan'ga repertoire: Gongmyeongga, Cheongseongnyeong Jinagal Je, Baekguga, Honamga, MyeonggiMyeongchang, Nogeumbangcho, Jukjangmanghye, Jangbuga and Baekbalga. These are the representative dan'gas that were used to be sung by master performers of that tradition. There is no doubt that this CD will show her mastery skills and inspirations of the song genre, and it will give revitalisation to the transmission of the repertory.

GAYAGEUM BYEONGCHANG DAN'GA COLLECTION


¡¡ Dr. Jocelyn Clark (Á¶¼¼¸°) (Liz Dodd, ed.)


Dan'ga, literally meaning "short song," originated as a warm up song that was sung before performances of the longer pansori epic narrative song.  The vocal range in a dan'gais limited and the modes, both rhythmic and melodic, are moderate (jungmori, eotjungmori, and jungjungmori) and peaceful (pyeongujo).  Filled with quotes from the most famous Tang (618-907 A.D.) poets dan'ga lyrics describe beautiful scenery, historical Chinese epics, and fate.


The dan'ga on this album are from the gayageum byeongchang repertoire. Byeongchang means to sing while simultaneously accompanying oneself on the 12-stringed zither, the gayageum.  Usually a drummer also accompanies the singer/player on an hour-glass drum, the changgu.


The titles of byeongchang texts are often different from their texts' counterparts in the dan'ga of the pansori repertoire, while some pieces that do bear the same title feature different content. The vocal style of byeongchang is also somewhat distinct from that heard in pansori.  Byeongchangseems to have originated in Chungcheong Province, where a regional style called Seokhwaje, or the "Stone Flower" system -- a way of singing in the "peaceful" mode -- was popular.  Byeongchang thus has a lighter, brighter feel than the sometimes sobbing pansori.


Because byeonchangcame of age in the early 20th Century--the time of the variety show and the beginning of the recording and broadcast industries--its pieces are short.  While a whole pansori epic sung from beginning to end may take six to eight hours, the byeongchang version might tell the whole story in only four arias and about 20 minutes. 


There are nine main short dan'ga songs in the gayagum byeongchang repertoire handed down by Bak Gwihui (1921-1993), the first "Important Intangible Human Cultural Asset" (No. 23) for the genre. "Intangible Cultural Asset" (No. 23), gayaguem byeongchang, is always coupled with the virtuosic instrumental solo genre, sanjo, meaning, literally, "scattered modes."  To excel at byeongchang, one must excel at both pansori and sanjo. 


Kang Eun-kyung, who has inherited the repertoire directly, in this recording offers an inspired performance of the complete dan'ga collection of the gayageum byeongchang repertoire.


01 Jukjang manghye ñÓíèØÓû¹  A Bamboo Staff and Straw Shoes


A Bamboo Staff and Straw Shoes is one of the most popular "short songs." It opens with the words, "Supported by a bamboo staff and a single small gourd, I enter one thousand liof rivers and mountains . . . ," and ends with, "Oh my friend, poor and humble, do not fret. Pass the time in happiness." In the middle, numerous references to famous andwondrous landscapes depicted by Chinese poets like Li Bai, as well as to a long list of famous Chinese hermits are made.


02 Cheongseongnyeong jinagal je  ôìà´Öº Áö³ª°¥ Á¦  When Going Over Blue Stone Ridge


The text of "When going over Blue Stone Ridge" has two parts: the first is a sijo poem written by King Hyojong (1619-1659): "Have we passed Blue Stone Ridge? How far to Grass River Mouth (õ®ùÁÏ¢)?  Barbarian winds blow bitingly cold.  Why the unseasonable cruel rain? Who shall draw my traveling appearance and convey it to [my father] King Injo?" [Dr. Sung-Yoon Lee, trans.] The second part of the song, which is set to a new rhythm pattern--unusual for dan'ga, describes the seasonal Dano holiday celebration.  It is from the Kang Taehong school of gayageum byeongchang, passed on by Bak Gwihui.


03 Kongmyeong-ga Íí٣ʰ Song of Glorious Fame (Á¶¾îȯÁÖ(ðååàüµñÐ))


Turning from fishing to drinking, the singer remembers the famous Chinese strategist Zhugeliang who prayed for a southeast wind to win the Battle of the Red Cliff on the Yangzi River during the Three Kingdoms period in China ( 220-265 A.D.) This text is also famous as one of the "seated" Seodo japga (or "miscellaneous song from the Western region"), which are sung in Hwanghae Province and Pyeong'an Province.


04 Jangbuga   íÛÜýÊ° (¾î¿Í ôìõð) Song of the Valiant Man


Another name for Jangbuga, literally, the "Song of the Valiant Man," is Bulsubin,  (ÜôâÎÞ­)which means "do not laugh," and the text of the song exhorts the younger generations to respect their elders. After listing the names of heroic Chinese figures, the piece ends by illustrating the emptiness of life.


05 Honam-ga ûÉÑõÊ° Song of Honam


Though most dan'gamake good use of classical Chinese--both in terms of sino-Korean characters, and geographical settings, "Song of Honam" does not.  Sung entirely in Korean, the piece describes 36 of the 54 towns in Honam, the land "South of the Lake," playing with the meaning of the characters used in each town's name.

  

06 Baekgu-ga ÛÜÏÎÊ° Seagull Song


"Seagull, don't go off with great flaps of wings!  I do not intend to catch you.  The King has cast me away.  I came here to find you. . . . Where did my friends go? Did they not know it was the season of Danno? . .. " This dan'gatells of the pining of the heart of a "heroic man" exiled far from the capital.  It is closely related in its text to "Verdant Shade and Fragrant Plants" as well as to "Bright Moon and Cool Breezes on the River" (Ë°ß¾ù¦êÅ).


07 Nokeum bangcho ÒÑëäÛ»õ® Verdant Shade and Fragrant Plants

"Verdant shade and fragrant plants, the season of glorious flowers. . . .  The slow retreat of the sun outside the window . . . kites fly in the air and fish jump in the water . . . I lie down using my arm for a pillow.  A man's life, if he only does this, it is enough . . . ." This dan'ga is from the O Taesok school of gayageum byeongchang, passed on to us through Bak Gwihui.


08 Myeonggi myeongch'ang Ù£ÐõÙ£óÝ The Great Songstresses and Crooners


This song is from the Namdo japga repertoire (ÑõÔ³íÚÊ°) or "miscellaneous songs in the southern style." Like many of the songs in this collection, it laments the inevitability of old age that even the great singers can not avoid.  It starts,  "Yesterday was the spring of my youth, and today, white hair . . ."  Like the "Song of White Hair," it asks in the end, ". . . what should we do if not play?"


09 Baekbal-ga (gongdonanri) ÛÜۥʰ (ÍëÔ³Ññ×î) Song of White Hair


The title of this dan'ga,from the Kang Taehong School school of gayageum byeongchang and passed on to us today by Bak Guiheui, seems to referenceDu Mu's  quatrain "Seeing off a recluse": ". . . you say the only thing fair on this earth is white hair, it never gives the head of the noble man a break."  Other Chinese poets like Wang Bo  ("Looking down from the high terrace"), and Lu Zhaolin ("Hard traveling"), as well as Li Bai are also quoted in this Korean song:  "Justice is white hair. That which one cannot avoid is death. . . . The affairs of the world are laughable.  Young lady . . . , do not knit your brows ?peach and plum in the eastern garden have but a moment of spring.  What can one do but play?  When the sun sets on the western mountains, what great man can capture it?  The flowing water in the blue sea, who can stop it? . . .. What should we do if not play?  So let's play . . . "


THE PROFILE OF THE PERFORMERS


Kang Eun-kyung / gayageum byeongchang, sori, gayageum


Born in Namwon, Jeolla Province in 1964.


EDUCATION


1983    Graduated from Horticultural Department of Agricultural College of Tokyo, Japan

2000    Diploma for the 8th Leadership Course in the Culture and Arts Post-graduate School, Donggug University

2003    Honoury graduation from the 22nd Seoul Gugak Yesul Senior School

2004    Diploma for the Highest Rank Course in the Information & Communication Post-graduate School, Korea University

2005    Diploma for the Highest Rank Course in the Judicial Affairs Post-graduate School, Yonsei University

2006    Graduated from Korean Traditional Music in the Broadcasting & Entertainment Department, Seonghwa University

2007    Currently final year of Korean Traditional Music in the Digital & Image Department, Howon University


CURRENT ROLE


- Completed the course of the Gayageum Sanjo & Byeongchang, Jungyomuhyeong munhwajae no. 23

- Sub-committee of the Gayageum Byeongchang part, the Korean Traditional Music Society (Cop.)

- Committee of the Gayageum Byeongchang Preservation Society (Cop.)

- Leader of the Hyangeum Arts Company

LEARNING & TEACHERS


1972    Learning samul, seoljanggo, obuk, yeoldubal, sangmo with the late Kim Je-seop 

1973    Seoljanggo, obuk, Korean dancing, gayageum byeongchang with Oh Gap-soon

1976    Gayageum byeongchang & the Seong Geum-nyeon Ryu Gayageum Sanjo with Pak Gwi-hui

1980    The Yu Dae-bong Ryu Gayageum Sanjo & Sinawi with Baek In-yeong

1989    Pansori Chunhyangga with Seong Wu-hyang

1993    Gayageum sanjo & byeongchang with Gang Jeong-suk who was designated as Muhyeongmunhwajae no. 23

2004    Gayageum byeongchang with Jeong Ye-jin, Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae no. 23 Transmission Assistant

2006    Pansori Simcheongga & Gayageum byeongchangwith An Suk-seon, Jungyomuhyeong munhwajae no. 23


AWARDS


1993    Cultural Ministry Award for the Gayageum Byeongchang part in the 11th Gyeongju Silla Munhwajae All Korea Gugak Grand Festival

1995    Golden Award for Gayageum Byeongchang in the 6th KBS Seoul Gugak Contest

2003    President Award for the 2nd All Korea Adult Part Gugak Grand Festival sponsored by the Korean Traditional Music Society (Cop.)


PERFORMANCE CAREER


1989    The Night of Gayageum Byeongchang (at the Main Theatre, National Theatre)

1991    The Gayageum Byeongchang Performance (at the Small Theatre, National Theatre)

1993    The 1993 Sunday Concert for Myeongin Myeongchang (at the Main Hall, Sejong Center for the Performing Arts)

1994    The Folk Arts Grand Performance for All the Human Treasures (a


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