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 ¤ý ¹ß¸ÅÀÏ: Manufactured by HWAEUM. 2005.9. Seoul, Korea www.gugakcd.com
 ¤ý ³ìÀ½: 2005. 9. 8. °æ±âµµ ÆÄÁÖ Àû¼º¸¶À»
 ¤ý µð·ºÅÍ: ¾çÁ¤È¯ (À½Á¦1442È£) / ¨Ü&¨Ï: Yang Jeong-hwan, www.gugakcd.com
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TOPCD-093
 
°æ±âµµ ¹«Çü¹®È­Àç Á¦38È£ Ç®ÇǸ®(õ®ÐÖ) º¸À¯ÀÚ
The Korean Art Holder for Gyeonggido Muhyeongmunhwajae no. 38 Pulpiri
¿À¼¼Ã¶ Ç®ÇǸ® µ¶ÁÖÁý OH SE-CHEOL Pulpiri Solo Album
À屸 : ¾È¼º±Ù(ÀÓÁø°­¹®È­¿¬±¸¿ø ?¾ó¿¹¼ú´Ü ´ÜÀå)
¡á 1. û¼º°î Cheongseonggog 02:51
¡á 2. ¹Î¼Ó±â¾Ç°î(´É°è±Â°Å¸® ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® Èָ𸮠dz³â°¡ ÇãưŸ·É µµµå¸® ±Â°Å¸® âºÎŸ·É ²É¹æ¾ÆŸ·É) 07:44
Folk instrumental music: Neunggyegutgeori, Jajinmori, Hwimori, Pungnyeonga, Heoteuntaryeong, Dodeuri, Gutgeori, Changbutaryeong & Ggotbang'ataryeong
¡á 3. »êÁ¶(Áø¾çÁ¶ Á߸𸮠ÁßÁ߸𸮠ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® ÈÖ¸ð¸®) ¿À¼¼Ã¶ ¿«À½ 05:43
Sanjo (Oh Se-cheol's version): Jinyangjo - Jungmori - Jungjungmori - Jajinmori - Hwimori
¡á 4. ¸Þ³ª¸®¿Í ºÏû»çÀÚ³îÀ½ Menari & Bukcheongsajanoreum 04:03
¡á 5. »õ¼Ò¸®(¼Ò½»õ ¼ÖºÎ¾ûÀÌ ÇǸ®»õ Á¢µ¿»õ ¹ÐÈ­ºÎ¸® ¼è¹°´ß ²Ò²¿¸® »µ²Ú»õ) Saesori (song of a bird) 02:24
¡á 6. ¼­¿ï°æ±â¹Î¿ä(³ë·§°¡¶ô âºÎŸ·É ûÃá°¡ ¸ÅȭŸ·É ¹î³ë·¡) 06:27
Folk songs from Seoul & Gyeonggi Province: Noretgarak, Changbutaryeong, Cheongchunga, Mehwataryeong & Bennore
¡á 7. ÇÔ°æµµ¹Î¿ä(¾î¶ûŸ·É ±ÃÃÊ´ó±â) Folk songs from Hamgyeong provinces: Yeorangtaryeong & Gungchodenggi 01:54
¡á 8. Æò¾Èµµ ȲÇصµ¹Î¿ä(³­ºÀ°¡ »ê¿°ºÒ) Folks songs from Pyeong'an & Hwanghae provinces: Nanbongga & Sanyeombul 04:50
¡á 9. °­¿øµµ¹Î¿ä(ÇÑ¿À¹é³â Á¤¼±¾Æ¶ó¸®) Folk songs from Gangwon provinces: Hanobengnyeon & JeongseonArari 03:00
¡á 10. ¾Æ¸®¶û¿¬°î(±¸¾Æ¸®¶û ¾Æ¸®¶û Áøµµ¾Æ¸®¶û ¹Ð¾ç¾Æ¸®¶û ÇØÁ־Ƹ®¶û °­¿øµµ¾Æ¸®¶û) 06:12 Arirang medley: GuArirang, Arirang, JindoArirang, MiryangArirang, HaejuArirang & GangwondoArirang
¡á 11. °æ»óµµ¹Î¿ä(»óÁÖ ¸ð½É±â³ë·¡) Folk songs from Gyeongsang provinces: Sangju Moshimginore 02:13
¡á 12. ö¿øÆ÷õ¹Î¿ä(ÇÑź°­¾Æ¸®¶û) ¿À¼¼Ã¶ ¿«À½ Folk songs from Cheolwon & Pocheon: HantangangArirang (Oh Se-cheol's version) 01:46
Total 49:47
 
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1. û¼º°î
û¼º°îÀº Á¤¾Ç¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ¸ç º»¸íÀÌ 'û¼ºÀÚÁøÇÑ´Ø'À̶ó À̸¥´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­ 'û¼º'À̶ó ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ôÀº À½¿ªÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í ÀÚÁøÇÑ´ØÀº °¡°î Ãʼö´ë¿±À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯´Ï û¼ºÀÚÁøÇÑ´ØÀº ³ôÀº À½¿ªÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â °¡°îÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÚÁøÇÑ´ØÀº °¡°îÃʼö´ë¿±À» ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ °¡°îÀ» ³ë·¡·Î ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í »ïÇöÀ°°¢À¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀε¥ À̸¦ 'ÀÚÁøÇÑÀÙ(»ç°üdz·ù)'À̶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̸¦ ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë ±è°è¼±À̶ó´Â ´ë±Ý¸íÀÎÀÌ ÀÚÁøÇÑ´ØÀ» ³ôÀº À½¿ªÀ¸·Î º¯ÁÖÇÏ¿© ´ë±Ý µ¶ÁÖ°îÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇϸ鼭 À¯¸íÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í ÇǸ® µî ´Ù¸¥ °ü¾Ç±â·Îµµ ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. À̹ø¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ Ç®ÇǸ®¿¡ ¾ñ¾î ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ °ÍÀε¥ À½¿ªÀÌ ³Ð°í ½Ã±è»õ ±â±³°¡ ¸¹¾Æ¼­ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇϱ⠽±Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ³ÐÀº À½¿ªÀ» ´ÉÈ÷ ³»¿´°í ¼­ÀÚħ ±â¹ýµµ Àß Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àå´Ü ¾øÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´À¸®°Ô ¿¬ÁÖÇϴµ¥ À¯ÀåÇÏ°í ±×À¹ÇÑ ¸ÀÀÌ ±×Áö¾ø´Ù.
2. ¹Î¼Ó±â¾Ç°î
(´É°è±Â°Å¸®, ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®, ÈÖ¸ð¸®, dz³â°¡, ÇãưŸ·É, µµµå¸®, ±Â°Å¸®, âºÎŸ·É, ²É¹æ¾ÆŸ·É)
¹Î°£ »ïÇöÀ°°¢ ¹× È£Àû°¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´ø ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ À½¾ÇµéÀ» ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ '¹Î¼Ó±â¾Ç°î'À̶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î Ç®ÇǸ® µ¶ÁÖ°îÀ¸·Î ¾ñ¾î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹Î¼Ó±â¾Ç°îÀº ÁַΠȣÀû °¡¶ôÀ» Ç®ÇǸ®¿¡ ¾ñÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ´É°è±Â°Å¸®, ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®, ÈÖ¸ð¸®, dz³ç°¡, ÇãưŸ·É, µµµå¸®, ±Â°Å¸®, âºÎŸ·É, ²É¹æ¾ÆŸ·É µîÀ¸·Î ®´Ù.
´É°è´Â °æ±âµµ ¹Î¼Ó±â¾ÇÀεéÀÌ °æÅ丮 °¡¶ôÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â ±â¾Ç°îÀε¥ ±Â°Å¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ ¾ñ¾î ¿¬ÁÖÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ '´É°è±Â°Å¸®'¶ó À̸¥´Ù. Èï°Ü¿î ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®´Â ´É°è¸¦ ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ ¾ñ¾î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â ±â¾Ç°îÀÌ´Ù. Èï°ã°í ¾¿¾¿ÇÑ È°±âÂù ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
Èָ𸮴 »ïÇöÀ°°¢ À½¾ÇÀÇ Çϳª·Î Àϸí '´ç¾Ç'À̶ó À̸£´Âµ¥ ¸Å¿ì ºü¸¥ Àå´ÜÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú´ÙÇÏ¿© Èָ𸮶ó À̸£´Âµ¥ ´Ü¸ð¸®´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Èָ𸮶ó´Â ¸»Àº ÈÖ¸ô¾Æ °£´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¸Å¿ì ½Ä½ÄÇÏ°í °Ý·ÄÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
dz³â°¡´Â °æ±â¹Î¿ä dz³â°¡¸¦ ±â¾ÇÈ­ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±Â°Å¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮¸¦ ¾ñ¾î ºÎ¸¥´Ù. À¯Ã¢ÇÏ°í Èï°Ü¿î ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
ÇãưŸ·ÉÀº »ïÇö¿µ»êȸ»óÀÇ Å¸·É °¡¶ôÀ» ÁïÈïÀûÀ¸·Î º¯ÁÖÇÏ¿© ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â ±â¾Ç°îÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÇãưŸ·ÉÀ̶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ÇãÆ° °¡¶ô Áï ÁïÈïÀûÀÎ °¡¶ôÀ¸·Î Â¥¿©Áø Ÿ·ÉÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Ÿ·ÉÀå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. °æÄèÇÏ°í Àͻ콺·´´Ù.
µµµå¸®´Â µµµå¸®Àå´ÜÀ¸·Î µÈ ¿°ºÒ°îÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. .
±Â°Å¸®´Â È£Àû°¡¶ôÀÇ Çϳª·Î ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ À̸¦ Ç®ÇǸ® µ¶ÁÖ°îÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ ±Â°Å¸®¶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ±Â°Å¸®Àå´ÜÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼±À²Àº °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾ú°í °æÄèÇÏ°í ȭâÇÑ ´À²ûÀ» ÁØ´Ù.
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3. »êÁ¶
(Áø¾çÁ¶ Á߸𸮠ÁßÁ߸𸮠ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® ÈÖ¸ð¸®)
»êÁ¶´Â ½Ã³ªÀ§¶ó´Â À½¾Ç¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇÁö¸¸ ÆǼҸ® °¡¶ôÀ» ±â¾ÇÈ­ÇÏ¿© ¼ö¿ëÇÑ µ¶ÁÖ°îÀ¸·Î ´À¸° Àå´Ü¿¡¼­ ºü¸¥ Àå´Ü ¼øÀ¸·Î Â¥¿©Á³´Ù. »êÁ¶´Â Á¶¼± ¸»±â¿¡ ³²µµ¿¡¼­ Â¥¿©Áø °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ °¡¾ß±Ý»êÁ¶, ´ë±Ý»êÁ¶, °Å¹®°í»êÁ¶, Åü¼Ò»êÁ¶¿Í °°Àº »êÁ¶°¡ ¸ÕÀú Â¥¿©Á³°í ÇرݻêÁ¶, ÇǸ®»êÁ¶, ¾ÆÀï»êÁ¶´Â ³ªÁß¿¡ Â¥¿©Áø °Í °°´Ù. ÃʱÝ(Ç®ÇǸ®)»êÁ¶´Â ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë °­Ãá¼·ÀÌ Â§ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸À̳ª Àü½ÂµÇÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̹ø¿¡ ÃëÀÔµÈ °ÍÀº ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ ÀÏ¹Ý ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ¾Ç±âÀÇ »êÁ¶°¡¶ôÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿© § °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áø¾çÁ¶, Á߸ð¸®, ÁßÁ߸ð¸®, ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®, Èָ𸮷Π¥¿©Á³´Ù.
Áø¾çÁ¶´Â Áø¾çÀå´ÜÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ÁÖ±â´Â 3¼Ò¹Ú ´À¸° 6¹ÚÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ¿À¼¼Ã¶Àº Áø¾çÀ» Á¶±Ý ¹Û¿¡ Â¥Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á߸𸮠Àå´Ü ÁÖ±â´Â 2¼Ò¹Ú º¸Åë ºü¸¥ 12¹ÚÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÁßÁ߸𸮠Àå´Ü ÁÖ±â´Â 3¼Ò¹Ú Á» ´À¸° 4¹ÚÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®´Â 3¼Ò¹Ú ÁÜ ºü¸¥ 4¹ÚÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ºÀÀåÃë ó·³ »õ¼Ò¸®°¡ µé¾î °£´Ù. Èָ𸮴 3¼Ò¹Ú ºü¸¥ 4¹ÚÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ´Ü¸ð¸®´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
4. ¸Þ³ª¸®¿Í ºÏû»çÀÚ³îÀ½
¸Þ³ª¸®¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ³ó¿ä¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ·Î °æ»óµµ ¹× °­¿øµµ¿¡ ¸Þ³ª¸®¶ó´Â ³ó¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±×·± °¡¶ôÀ» Àü¶óµµ¿¡¼­´Â .°æ»óµµ ¸Þ³ª¸®Á¶(»êÀ¯È­Á¶) ȤÀº ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮¶ó Çϴµ¥ Áö±ÝÀº °æ»óµµ °­¿øµµ¿Í °°Àº µ¿ºÎ ¹Î¿ä °¡¶ôÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â Çмú¿ë¾î·Î ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ ¸Þ³ª¸®´Â ÀÚÀ¯¸®µë¿¡ ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮 °¡¶ôÀ» Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ³»°í Áß°£¿¡ ÀÚÁø±Â°Å¸®Àå´ÜÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î°í ³¡¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÚÀ¯¸®µëÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °¡¶ôÀº µ¿ºÎÁö¿ª ÇâÅä¹ÎµéÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ Åë¼Ò³ª ´Ü¼Ò¿¡ ¾ñ¾î ºÒ´ø °ÍÀε¥ ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
ºÏû»çÀÚ³îÀ½À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ºÏûÁö¹æ¿¡¼­ »çÀÚÅ»³îÀ̸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ Åü¼Ò·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â °¡¶ôÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ ±× °¡¶ôÀ» Ç®ÇǸ®¿¡ ¾ñ¾î ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇâÅäÀûÀÌ°í ¾¿¾¿ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
5. »õ¼Ò¸®
(¼Ò½»õ ¼ÖºÎ¾ûÀÌ ÇǸ®»õ Á¢µ¿»õ ¹ÐÈ­ºÎ¸® ¼è¹°´ß ²Ò²¿¸® »µ²Ú»õ)
°¢Á¾ »õ ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®¸¦ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î Èä³» ³½ °ÍÀε¥ °¢¾ç°¢»öÀÇ ±â¹ýÀÌ º¸ÅëÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿¾³¯¿¡ »õ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ±â¾Ç °¡¶ô Áß¿¡ ³Ö¾î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» "ºÀÀåÃë"¶ó ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÇ »õ¼Ò¸®´Â ±â¾Ç Áß¿¡ »õ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ±×³É »õ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î Èä³» ³»´Â °ÍÀ̶ó ºÀÀåÃë´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾Ç±â³ª ÈÖÆĶ÷À¸·Î »õ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»¸é Á¤¸» »õ°¡ ³¯¾Æµå´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àִµ¥ ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÇ Ç®ÇǸ®ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ »õ°¡ ³¯¾Æµé °Í °°´Ù.
6. ¼­¿ï °æ±â¹Î¿ä
(³ë·¡°¡¶ô, âºÎŸ·É, ûÃá°¡, ¸ÅȭŸ·É, ¹î³ë·¡)
¼­¿ï °æ±â Áö¹æÀÇ ¹Î¿ä °¡¿îµ¥ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¹Î¿ä ³ë·¡°¡¶ô, âºÎŸ·É, ûÃá°¡, ¸ÅȭŸ·É, ¹î³ë·¡ ´Ù¼¸°îÀ» °ñ¶ó Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.
³ë·¡°¡¶ôÀº º»µð ¼­¿ï °æ±â ¼­ºÏºÎ ±ÂÀÇ °¢ °Å¸®¿¡ ¿À½Å ÀýÂ÷¿¡¼­ ºÒ·ÁÁö´Â ¹«°¡ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °æ±â¹Î¿äÈ­µÇ¾î Áö±ÝÀº °æ±â¹Î¿äÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ë·¡¸»Àº ½ÃÁ¶¿Í °°°í Àå´Üµµ ºü¸£±â¸¸ ´Ù¸¦ »Ó ¹Ú ¼ö´Â ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ¼±À²Àº °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ²à²àÇÏ°í Èï°ã´Ù.
ûºÎŸ·ÉÀº ¼­¿ï Àç¼ö±ÂÀÇ Ã¢ºÎ°Å¸® ¿À½ÅÀýÂ÷¿¡¼­ ºÒ·ÁÁö´Â ¹«°¡¿´Áö¸¸ ¹Î¿äÈ­µÇ¾î °æ±â¹Î¿äÀÇ ´ëÇ¥Àû Á¸Àç°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ ³ë·¡°¡¶ôÀÇ µÚ¿¡ ºÒ·ÁÁø´Ù. ±Â°Å¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾î ȭâÇÏ°í °æÄèÇÏ´Ù.
ûÃá°¡´Â Á¶¼±¸»±â¿¡ ºÒ·ÁÁö´ø ÀÌÆÈûÃá°¡°¡ ±Ù´ëÈ­µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÈçÈ÷ âºÎŸ·É µÚ¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÒ·ÁÁø´Ù. ±Â°Å¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸Å¿ì Èå´Ã°Å¸®´Â ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
¸ÅȭŸ·ÉÀº º»µð »ç´çÆмҸ®¿´´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÏÂï °æ±â¹Î¿ä È­µÇ¾ú°í ±äÀâ°¡¿¡µµ º¸ÀδÙ. ÀÌ ¹Î¿ä¸¦ ¸ÅȭŸ·ÉÀ̶ó ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº µÞ¼Ò¸®(ÈÄ·Å)¿¡ "ÁÁ±¸³ª ¸ÅÈ­·Î´Ù"ÇÏ´Â ³ë·¡¸»ÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °îÁ¶´Â âºÎŸ·É°ú Èí»çÇÏ¸ç ¿ª½Ã ±Â°Å¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾î ȭâÇÏ°í °æÄèÇÏ´Ù.
7. ÇÔ°æµµ¹Î¿ä
(¾î¶ûŸ·É ±ÃÃÊ´ó±â)
ÇÔ°æµµ ¹Î¿ä °¡¿îµ¥ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Î¿ä´Â ¾î¶ûŸ·É, ±ÃÃÊ´ó±â, ¾Ö¿ø¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶ûŸ·É°ú ±ÃÃÊ´ó±â´Â ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °øÅëÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ ÀÌ µÎ ¹Î¿ä °¡¶ôÀ» Ç®ÇǸ® °¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ °Í °°´Ù.
¾î¶ûŸ·ÉÀº ÀÏ¸í ½Å°í»êŸ·ÉÀ̶ó À̸£±âµµ Çϴµ¥ ÇÔ°æµµ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¹Î¿ä·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Î¿ä¸¦ ¾î¶ûŸ·ÉÀ̶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº µÚ¼Ò¸®(ÈÄ·Å)¿¡ "¾î¶û ¾î¶û"ÇÏ´Â ÀÔŸ·ÉÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ°í ½Å°í»êŸ·ÉÀ̶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ù Àý¿¡ "½Å°í»êÀÌ ¿ì·ç·ç"¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚÁø±Â°Å¸® Àå´Ü¿¡ ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾î Àִµ¥ ¾¿¾¿ÇÏ°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦ÀÌ µç´Ù.
±ÃÃÊ´ó±â´Â ¾î¶ûŸ·É°ú ´õºÒ¾î ÇÔ°æµµ ¹Î¿ä °¡¿îµ¥ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Î¿äÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Î¿ä¸¦ ±ÃÃÊ´ó±â¶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ù Àý¿¡ '±ÃÃÊ´ó±â'¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±ÃÃÊ´ó±â¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ±ÃÃʶó´Â ºñ´ÜÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç ´ó±â¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶ûŸ·É°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ¿© ÀÚÁø±Â°Å¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾î Àִµ¥ ¾¿¾¿ÇÏ°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦ÀÌ µç´Ù.
8. Æò¾Èµµ ȲÇصµ¹Î¿ä
(³­ºÀ°¡ »ê¿±ºÒ)
Æò¾Èµµ ȲÇصµ ¹Î¿ä¸¦ '¼­µµ¹Î¿ä'¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ ¼­µµ¹Î¿ä °¡¿îµ¥ ³­ºÀ°¡¿Í »ê¿°ºÒÀ» Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ºÒ¾ú´Ù. ¿À¼¼Ã¶Àº ÀÌÀº°ü ¹®ÇÏ¿¡¼­ °æ¼­µµ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¹è¿ü´Âµ¥ ƯÈ÷ ¹è¹ðÀ̱ÂÀ» À̼öÇÏ¿© ¼­µµ ¼Ò¸®µµ Àß ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ Ç®ÇǸ®´Â ¼­µµ¹Î¿äÀÇ ¸ÀÀ» Àß ³»°í ÀÖ´Ù.
³­ºÀ°¡´Â ȲÇصµ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¹Î¿äÀÌ´Ù. Á¶¼±¸»±â¿¡ ¼­µµ¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ¶§ ¸Å¿ì À¯ÇàÇÏ´ø ¹Î¿äÀε¥ ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Î¿ä¸¦ ³­ºÀ°¡¶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ù Àý¿¡ '³­ºÀÀÌ ³µ³×. ºÎÀÚÁý µµ·ÉÀÌ ³­ºÀÀÌ ³µ³×'¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑÆí µ¿Ç³°¡, Á¤¹æ»ê¼º°¡¶ó À̸£±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. Á߸ð¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ ¼ö½É°¡Å丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀåÁßÇÏ°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
»ê¿°ºÒ ¶ÇÇÑ È²ÇصµÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¹Î¿äÀÌ´Ù. º»µð ȲÇصµ ¹«°¡¿¡¼­ ¸ÁÀÚ¸¦ Àú½Â¿¡ õµµÇϵµ·Ï ¿°ºÒ·Î ºÎ¸£´ø °ÍÀ̾úÀ¸³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¹Î¿äÈ­µÇ¾î ³Î¸® ºÒ·ÁÁö´Â °ÍÀε¥ ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á߸ð¸®Àå´Ü¿¡ ¸Â°í ¼ö½É°¡Å丮·Î µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀåÁßÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
9. °­¿øµµ¹Î¿ä
(ÇÑ¿À¹é³â Á¤¼±¾Æ¶ó¸®)
¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î °­¿øµµ ¹Î¿ä °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÑ¿À¹é³â°ú Á¤¼±¾Æ¶ó¸®¸¦ ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÇÑ¿À¹é³âÀº ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë °­¿øµµ ±ä¾Æ¶ó¸®¸¦ º¯ÇüÇؼ­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ½Å¹Î¿äÀε¥ ±Ù·¡¿¡ ´ëÁß°¡¼ö Á¶¿ëÇÊÀÌ ºÒ·¯¼­ À¯¸íÇØÁ³´Ù. ±ä¾Æ¶ó¸®¶õ Á¤¼±¾Æ¸®¶û °¡¿îµ¥ ¿«Áö ¾Ê´Â ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ¿À¹é³âÀº °­¿øµµ ¾Æ¶ó¸®¿Í ¼±À²ÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇϳª ¾à°£ ´Ù¸£°í ÈÄ·ÅÀÌ ¡®¾Æ¹«·Å ±×·¸Áö ±×·¸°í ¸»°í ÇÑ ¿À¹é³â »çÀڴµ¥ À¢ ¼ºÈ­¿©¡¯·Î µÇ¾î ´Ù¸£´Ù. À̸¦ ÇÑ¿À¹é³âÀ̶ó ÇÔÀº ÈÄ·Å¿¡ ¡®ÇÑ¿À¹é³â¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±ä¾Æ¶ó¸® ó·³ ¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´Ü¿¡ ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾ú°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
Á¤¼±Áö¹æ¿¡ Àü½ÂµÇ´Â ¾Æ¶ó¸®¿¡´Â ±ä¾Æ¶ó¸®¿Í ¿«À½¾Æ¶ó¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¿«À½¾Æ¶ó¸®¸¦ ¼­¿ï¿¡¼­´Â Á¤¼±¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ̶ó ºÒ·ÁÁö¸ç ¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ ¿¬ÁÖÇÑ °ÍÀº ±ä¾Æ¶ó¸®ÀÌ´Ù.
¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´Ü¿¡ ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸Å¿ì´À¸®°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù
10. ¾Æ¸®¶û ¿¬°î
(±¸¾Æ¸®¶û, ¾Æ¸®¶û,Áøµµ¾Æ¸®¶û, ¹Ð¾ç¾Æ¸®¶û, ÇØÁ־Ƹ®¶û, °­¿øµµ¾Æ¸®¶û)
¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ±¸¾Æ¸®¶û, ¾Æ¸®¶û, Áøµµ¾Æ¸®¶û, ¹Ð¾ç¾Æ¸®¶û, ÇØÁ־Ƹ®¶û, °­¿øµµ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» ¾Æ¸®¶û ¿¬°îÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±¸¾Æ¸®¶ûÀº º»Á¶¾Æ¸®¶û ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ±¸¾Æ¸®¶û¿¡´Â ±ä¾Æ¸®¶û°ú ±¸Á¶¾Æ¸®¶ûÀÌ Àִµ¥ ¿À¼¼Ã¶Àº ±ä¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮·ÎµÇ¾î °æÄèÇÏ´Ù
¿©±â¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀº ÈçÈ÷ ³Î¸® ºÒ·ÁÁö´Â º»Á¶¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. º»Á¶¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ̶ó ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë ³ª¿î±Ô°¡ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¾Æ¸®¶û ¿µÈ­¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é¼­ ¼­¾çÀ½¾Ç Àü¹®°¡¿¡°Ô ±â¿Õ ±¸Á¶¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» Æí°îÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µç °ÍÀÌ¶ó ¸®µëÀÌ ºñ Çѱ¹ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´Ü¿¡ °æÅ丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. À¯Ã¢ÇÏ°í °æÄèÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù. º»Á¶¾Æ¸®¶ûÀº ¿©·¯ ¾Æ¸®¶û °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ³Î¸® ¾Æ·ÁÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Áøµµ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀº ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë ´ë±Ý¸íÀÎ ¹ÚÁ¾±â°¡ ³²µµ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» Æí°îÇÏ¿© ¸¸µç ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀÌ´Ù. À½¾ÇÀû Ư¡À¸·Î ºÁ¼­ ³²µµÀÇ »êÇÏÁöŸ·ÉÀ» Âü°íÇÑ °Í °°´Ù. À̸¦ Áøµµ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ̶ó À̸¥ °ÍÀº ¹ÚÁ¾±â°¡ Áøµµ Ãâ½ÅÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´Ü¿¡ À°ÀÚ¹è±âÅ丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹Ð¾ç¾Æ¸®¶ûÀº ÀÏÁ¦ Ãʱ⠾ƷÕŸ·É¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»ýµÈ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ¸·Î º¸À̳ª ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´ÜÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú°í Å丮°¡ ƯÀÌÇѵ¥ ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮 º¯ÇüÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. °æÄèÇÏ°í ¾¿¾¿ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
ÇØÁ־Ƹ®¶ûÀº ÀÏÁ¦ Ãʱ⿡ À¯ÇàÇÏ´ø ¾Æ·ÕŸ·ÉÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ÀÌ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀ» ¿Ö ÇØÁ־Ƹ®¶ûÀ̶ó ÇÏ´ÂÁö´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̸¦ ¾Æ·ÕŸ·ÉÀ̶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ÈÄ·ÅÀÌ ¡®¾Æ·Õ ¾Æ·Õ¡¯À̶ó Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼¸¶Ä¡Àå´Ü¿¡ ¿ª½Ã Å丮°¡ ƯÀÌÇÏ¿© ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮 º¯ÇüÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
°­¿øµµ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀº °­¿øµµ¿¡ Àü½ÂµÇ´Â ÀÚÁø¾Æ¶ó¸®¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿µµ¿Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¸ð½É±â¼Ò¸®·Î Àü½ÂµÇ´Âµ¥ ¾Æ¸®¶ûÀÇ ¿øÇüÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. 3¼Ò¹Ú°ú 2¼Ò¹ÚÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ Àå´ÜÀ¸·Î µÇ¾ú°í ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼Ò¹ÚÇÏ°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
11. °æ»óµµ¹Î¿ä
(»óÁÖ ¸ð½É±â¼Ò¸®)
¿À¼¼Ã¶ÀÌ °æ»óµµ¹Î¿ä·Î »óÁÖ ¸ð½É±â¼Ò¸®¸¦ Ç®ÇǸ®·Î ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. »óÁÖ ¸ð½É±â¼Ò¸®´Â °æ»óµµ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ ¸ð½É±â·Î ºÒ·ÁÁö´Â 'Á¤ÀÚ¼Ò¸®'¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Î¿ä´Â ÈÄ·ÅÀÌ ¾ø°í ±× ´ë½Å ¾È¦ ¹å¦À» ±³È¯Ã¢À¸·Î ºÎ¸¥´Ù. À̸¦ »óÁÖ ¸ð½É±â¼Ò¸®¶ó À̸£´Â °ÍÀº ³ë·¡¸»¿¡ '»óÁÖ ÇÔâ °ø°¥¸ø'À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Á߸𸮠Àå´Ü¿¡ ¸Â°í ¸Þ³ª¸®Å丮·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼Ò¹ÚÇÏ°í ó·®ÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁØ´Ù.
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¡Ü On releasing the Oh Se-cheol Pulpiri solo album
Yi Bo-hyong (President of The Korean Old Phonograph Society)
A 'pulpiri' has not been considered as a proper musical instrument. But in this CD music lovers will immediately recognise it as a wonderful and most natural musical instrument from Oh Se-cheol's performance. It is very easy to access to gain its material. The pulpiri is made of leaves or grasses, and it sounds by putting a musician's lips to the surface of the leave and by blowing. Because of its blowing method and its resonance, it differs from such similar branches of beodeulpiri (made of a willow tree) and boripiri (made of a barley) that have stems. It was also called a 'chogeum õ®ÐÖ¡®, and its practices were written in old documents.
In a traditional society, the chogeum was used in a wide range of musical genres. It is said that it was used in a court music. In folk music its master players performed a various genres of music. In the early 20th century, Gang Chun-seop was wellknown for a chogeum playing, and particularly his playing of sanjo (highly artistic solo instrumental music) on the chogeum remained legendary. Many people also used to play it and showed their musical skills during festivals. This instrument can be referred in a folk song:
Let's cut the flower and stick it in the hair
Let's cut a leave and blow the chogeum
Let's go sight-seeing, let's go sight-seeing
To all time crowded places, let's go sight-seeing.
But nowadays it is very rare to play tunes on it. Consequently it became difficult to find out its master players. This situation lies in a danger of disappearing a musical practice of the pulpiri. Fortunately one chogeum master player - Oh Se-cheol who has been transmitting its musical practice was discovered by the effort of researchers in Gyeonggi province. Finally he was recognised as the Korean art holder for Gyeonggido Muhyeongmunhwajae (Intangible Cultural Property) no. 38 in 2002.
Born in 1957 at Cheolwon, Gangwon province, Oh Se-cheol has been living in Pocheon. He was a farmer cultivating rice planting and beans. He first learned the pulpiri from Jeon Geum-san, a native master chogeum player, in his teens. Oh made great progress in learning folk tunes on the pulpiri. In order to play it further, he studied seriously folk songs. In particular, he learned various Gyeongseodo sori ('sori' means a song/ sound) under the guidance of Yi Eun-gwan, the finest exponent for Baebaeng'igut and Korean Art holder for Seodo Sori designated by Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae (Important Intangible Cultural Property) no. 29, and had a diplomat for Baebaeng'igut. As his chogeum playing became wellknown, he had many opportunities to perform at various venues and made his debut by joining in a concert with the National Gugak Orchestra called "Stage for the Piri" at National Theatre in 2000. Then he had his solo performances for the pulpiri three times entitled "Musical Worl! d of Oh Se-cheol". Since then he has actively been engaged in playing its music.
It was him who mapped almost forgotten natural musical instrument into the main stream of musical performance. He introduced the chogeum widely to the mass appearing in the Television and Radio programmes. Now he is to release his album including a variety of musical repertories ranging from folks tunes to the sanjo music. I hope audience will enjoy this rare performance.
¡Ü A brief note for the programme
Yi Bo-Hyong
1. Cheongseonggog
Cheongseonggog is classified as jeong'ak (classical or court music) and its full name is 'Cheongseongjajinhannip'. 'Cheongseong' means a 'high register' and 'jajinhannip' denotes a 'gagog Chosudaeyeop ('gagog' = song cycle with poem accompanied by ensemble). Thus Cheongseonggog signifies a "gagog that is applied to an instrument played in a high register". In a case of instrumentalised a vocal music, it is played with a samhyeonyukgag (literally means "three stringed and six woodwind instruments", or a method of instrumentation), and it is also called 'Jajinhannip', or 'Sagwanpungnyu'. This playing method became known by a daegeum (large transverse bamboo flute) master player called Kim Gye-seon who played the music making variations in a high register on the daegeum as a solo piece. Since then other woodwind instruments applied to this music. Oh Se-cheol also plays this piece of music on a chogeum. This tune can be difficult to play on the pulpiri, as its range is much! wider and its sigimsae (the way of expressing melodies, or ornamentation) requires highly decorated. But he shows his musical skills seamlessly in relation to a wide range of notes and the technique of seojachim. This music is very slow without accompaniment and evokes a deliberate and profound atmosphere.
2. Folk instrumental music: Neunggyegutgeori, Jajinmori, Hwimori, Pungnyeonga, Heoteuntaryeong, Dodeuri, Gutgeori, Changbutaryeong and Ggotbangataryeong
Oh Se-cheol made a series of tunes that were used to be played on the samhyeonyukgag among folks and melodies for a hojeok called 'folk instrumental music' into playing the pulpiri solo pieces. These folk tunes include Neunggyegutgeori, Jajinmori, Hwimori, Pungnyeonga, Heoteuntaryeong, Dodeuri, Gutgeori, Changbutaryeong and Ggotbangataryeong, and they are used to be played as stock melodies for the hojeok. And Oh played these on the pulpiri.
Neunggye is an instrumental music that is played on gyeongtori melodies practised by folk musicians in Gyeonggi province. Neunggyegutgeori is named, as a gutgeori jangdan (means 'rhythmic cycle') is accompanied, and it gives a delightful feeling. Jajinmori is a tune that is played on Neunggye melody accompanied by the jajinmori jangdan. It gives a lively and vigorous feeling. Hwimori is one of the musics for the samhyeonyukgag and is also called 'dang'ak'. It consists of a very fast jajinmori jangdan, and it is called 'hwimori (means 'to drive fast')' due to its rapid speed, not danmori which this kind of jangdan can be regarded. It gives very vigorous and intense atmosphere.
Pungnyeonga is an instrumental version of Pungnyeonga (a song of good harvest), a Gyeonggi folk song, and is to play on gyeongtori with accompaniment of the gutgeori jangdan. It provides a slow and merrily atmosphere. Heoteuntaryeong is an instrumental version that is played spontaneously as a variation or improvisation of a melody of taryeong in SamhyeonYeongsanhoisang (one of representative classical music). Its name derived from the practice that the taryeong is framing within an improvisational melody. Its jangdan consists of gyeongtori within a taryeong jangdan, and it gives a lively and humorous feeling.
Dodeuri indicates a piece of yeombul consisting of a dodeuri jangdan. Gutgeori is one of the melodies played on the hojeok, and Oh Se-cheol has made it a tune for the pulpiri. Its melody comprises gyeongtori and its jangdan is based on gutgeori. It gives a merrily and bright atmosphere. Changbutaryeong is a instrumental version of a folk song - Changbutaryeong. It used to be a typical song repertory for shamans which is sung in "onshinjeolcha changbugeori" of the Seoul Jaesu gut (shaman ritual). But it has been sung as a folk song and became a representative folk song of Gyeonggi province. It consists of gyeongtori with the gutgeori jangdan. It provides a bright and lively atmosphere. Ggotbangataryeong is derived from a farmer's song - Bang'ataryeong. Its jangdan is gutgeori, whereas Bang'ataryeong, folk song from Seoul area, consists of a semachi jangdan. It gives a vigorous feeling.
3. Sanjo (Oh Se-cheol's version): Jinyangjo - Jungmori - Jungjungmori - Jajinmori - Hwimori
Sanjo originated from Sinawi (highly improvisational instrumental ensemble practised in the Namdo areas) and it became a solo piece adapted from an instrumental version of melodies of pansori (epic song performed by one singer). Its jangdan consists of a number of different rhythms and tempi starting from the slowest gradually to the fastest. It is said that sanjo was framed in the Namdo areas (southern parts of Korea) in the late 19th century, and its music was made to frame on such instruments first the gayageum (12 stringed plucking zither) - daegeum - geomun'go (6 stringed zither) - tungso (large notched bamboo vertical flute), and then haegeum (2 stringed spike fiddle with a bow) - piri (Korean bamboo oboe) - ajaeng (7 stringed zither with a bow) as the latest version.
It is said that the Chogeum (pulpiri) Sanjo was framed by Gang Chun-seong in the early 20th century, but it failed to be transmitted. In this CD Oh Se-cheol made it his own version by referring to other existing sanjo music. It consists of Jinyangjo - Jungmori - Jungjungmori - Jajinmori - Hwimori.
Jinyangjo comprises a jinyang jangdan and its rhythmic cycle is a triple meter with a slow 6-beat. But Oh Se-cheol considerably reduced its playing time. A cycle of the Jungmori jangdan consists of a duple meter with relatively a fast tempo 12-beat. The cycle of the Jungjungmori jangdan is a triple meter with slightly a slow 4-beat. Jajinmori is a triple meter with a slightly fast 4-beat. This movement includes a sound of a bird called a 'bongjangchwi' (refer to 5 Saesori). Hwimori consists of a triple meter with a fast 4-beat, not a danmori that most would consider.
4. Menari & Bukcheongsajanoreum
'Menari' means a 'farmer's song'. It largely exists in Gyeongsang and Gangwon provinces, and in Jeolla (or Namdo) provinces it is called 'Gyeongsangdo (provinces) menarijo ('jo' = mode/ melodic organisation), or sanyuhwajo, or menaritori'. Nowadays it is used as an academic term that indicates folk melodies originated from such eastern areas as Gyeongsang and Gangwon provinces. In this CD, Oh Se-cheol played melodies of menaritori on the pulpiri within free rhythms, and changed it into the jajingutgeori jangdan in the middle section, then concluded it as a free rhythm at the end of the tune. Such melody is used to be played usually on a tungso or danso (small notched bamboo vertical flute) by local people of the eastern areas. It gives a plaintive feeling.
Bukcheongsajanoreum refers to melodies that are played on the tungso during a performance of Sajatal (Lion Mask Dance) in Bukcheong area. Oh Se-cheol playes this melody on the pulpiri. It gives a folksy and vigorous atmosphere.
5. Saesori (song of a bird)
This musical piece is to imitate sounds of various kinds of birds. He displays a variety of technique with extraordinary skills. In olden time master musicians were used to insert an imitating sound of a bird inbetween 'instrumental' melodies, and this is called a 'bongjangchwi'. In a case of Oh's performance it would not call a 'bongjangchwi', as he just imitates sounds of birds on the pulpiri. It is said that when an instrument or whistle sounds the bird's singing, a bird really flies into. Likewise, Oh Se-cheol's pulpiri performance seems to get a bird into his sound.
6. Folk songs from Seoul & Gyeonggi Province:
Noretgarak, Changbutaryeong, Cheongchunga, Mehwataryeong and Betnore
Noretgarak, Changbutaryeong, Cheongchunga, Mehwataryeong and Betnore are representative folk melodies in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, and Oh played them on the pulpiri. Noretgarak is a song for shamans, and it was originally sung during "ohshinjeolcha" in gakgeori of the north-western areas of Seoul and Gyeonggi. It was to be a folk song and became one of the representative repertoire in Gyeonggi province. Its text is the same as that of sijo ('a lyric song style accompanied by janggu/drum'), and the number of beats are similar to sijo performance, except for its fast jangdan. Its melody (mode) consists of gyeongtori that gives a merrily and strong atmosphere.
Changbutaryeong (refer to 2.) is sung followed by Noretgarak. Its jangdan consists of gutgeori and gyeongtori mode. It gives a bright and lively feeling. Cheongchunga is a modern version of 'Ipalcheongchunga' that was sung at the late 19th century. It is usually sung followed by Changbutaryeong. It consists of the gutgeori jangdan and gyeongtori. Its atmosphere is very gently swaying.
Mehwataryeong seems to originally a song for sadangpae (professional itinerary troupe) and in earlier time it became a folk song of Gyeonggi province. It is also seen in ginjapga (miscellany song repertoire sung by professional singers). Its name derived from the refrain (called 'dwisori') whose text comprises "jotkuna mehwaroda! (Hooray! it is a plum tree)". Its mode is similar to that of Changbutaryeong and consists of the gutgeori jangdan and gyeongtori. It gives a bright and lively feeling.
7. Folk songs from Hamgyeong provinces: Yeorangtaryeong and Gungchodenggi
Yeorangtaryeong, Gungchodenggi and Aewonseong are the most wellknown folk songs that represent Hamgyeong provinces, now belonging to the North Korea. Yeorangtaryeong and Gungchodenggi have in common in consisting of menaritori, and Oh seems to play these songs on the pulpiri. Yeorangtaryeong is also called Shingosantaryeong. Its name came from the refrain whose text line repeats as a taryeong style by mouth like "eorang eorang" and that of Shingosantaryeong derived from its first line like "shingosan'i wururu". It consists of a jajingutgeori jangdan and menaritori. It gives a vigorous and melancholy atmosphere. The name 'Gungchodaenggi' is originated from its first line of 'gungchodaenggi' that denotes a daenggi (means a pigtail ribbon) made of silk. Its mode and jangdan are similar to those of Yeorangtaryeong.
8. Folks songs from Pyeong'an & Hwanghae provinces: Nanbongga and Sanyeombul
Folk songs from Pyeongan and Hwanghae provinces are called 'seodo folk song', and of these Nanbongga and Sanyeombul are played on the pulpiri. Oh also learnt vocal music of gyeongseodo with Yi Eun-gwan, so his pulpiri playing expresses the essence of seodo folk songs.
Nanbongga is the representative folk song in Hwanghae provinces (north-eastern parts of Korea). It was used to be very popular at the end of the 19th century, and Oh played it on the pulpiri. Its name is derived from the first line of a text "nanbong'i nanne. Bujatjip doryeonnyim'i nanbong'i nanne (means that [He] has taken to amours. A young man from a rich family has taken to amours)". It is also called Dongpungga or Jeongbangsanseongga. It consists of the jungmori jangdan with sushimgatori. It gives a solemn and melancholy feeling.
As a representative folk song in Hwanghae provinces, Sanyeombul used to be sung for a dead person leading to the other world in a shaman ritual, and its jangdan comprises yeombul. It became a folk song. Like Nanbongga, it consists of the jungmori jangdan and sushimgatori. It gives a solemn atmosphere.
Oh Se-cheol played Hanobengnyeon and JeongseonArari of the folk songs from Gangwon provinces on the pulpiri. Hanobengnyeon is a modern folk song that was adapted from a song 'GinArari ('gin'= long)' from Gangwon provinces during the Japanese Rule (1908-1945). It was wellknown when a national popular singer - Jo Yong-pil - sang it in the 1970s. GinArari refers to 'Arirang', a wellknown folk song that is not framed our of the version of JeongseonArirang.
Hanobengnyeon is similar to Arari in terms of its melody, but its refrain is different as seen in "amuryeom geureotchi, geureotko malgo. Hanobaengnyeon saljaneunde, wen seonghwayyeo (means that "Of course, You're right! Indeed, you're right! [I requested to you] to live with me forever. Then what sort of bother [you're making to me]?")". Its name derived from words of the refrain - 'hanobangnyeon'. It comprises the semachi jangdan, as in GinArari, and menaritori. It gives a melancholy feeling.
Arari that has been transmitted in the Jeongseon area has two different versions: GinArari and YeoggeumArari. YeoggeumArari is also called JeongseonArirang in Seoul, and Oh played GinArari on the pulpiri in this CD. It consists of the semachi jangdan and menaritori. Its tempo is very slow, and it gives a melancholy feeling as well.
10. Arirang medley: GuArirang, Arirang, JindoArirang, MiryangArirang, HaejuArirang and GangwondoArirang
Oh Se-cheol played a series of Arirang that consists of GuArirang, Arirang, JindoArirang, MiryangArirang, HaejuArirang and GangwondoArirang. GuArirang in this repertory refers to be older than BonjoArirang. GuArirang has two different versions: GinArirang and GujoArirang, and Oh played GinArirang in this CD. It comprises a semachi jangdan and gyeongtori. It gives a lively atmosphere.
In this CD 'Arirang' indicates BonjoArirang that is sung widely. Its name became popular as being called a simply 'Arirang'. Its name was derived from a series of a film 'Arirang' directed by Na Wun-gyu during the Japanese Rule. Its melody was adapted from the GujoArirang by a composer who trained a western art music, so its melody is non-Korean and modern. It consists of the semachi jangdan and gyeongtori. It gives a flowing and lively feeling. BonjoArirang is widely known among other versions of Arirang.
JindoArirang is an adapted version of Namdo Arirang arranged by Park Jong-gi, a daegeum master player, in the early 20th century. It seems to be referred by Sanhajitaryeong from Namdo areas in relation to its musical characteristics. Its name seems to be derived from the arranger's home town. It comprises a semachi jangdan and yukjabaegitori. MiryangArirang has not been known in its origin, but it is said to be derived from Arongtaryeong practised in the early 20th century. It consists of the semachi jangdan, and its tori is unique that seems to be a variant of menaritori. It gives a lively and energetic feeling.
HaejuArirang also indicates Arongtaeyong that was popular in the early 20th century. Like MiryangArirang, its name has not been known. The name 'Arongtaryeong' is derived from the refrain "arong arong". It consists of the semachi jangdan, and its tori is unique that seems to be a variant of menaritori. GangwondoArirang indicates 'JajinArirang' that has been transmitted in Gangwon provinces. It is also transmitting in Yeongdong areas while it is sung in Moshimgi (means 'rice planting'). It seems to be an original tune of Arirang. Its jangdan is mixed with triple and duple meters and menaritori. It gives a smooth and melancholy feeling.
11. Folk songs from Gyeongsang provinces: Sangju Moshimginore
Sangju Moshimginore refers to 'Jeongjasori' that is largely sung while in rice plantings in Gyeongsang provinces. The folk song has not a refrain, instead anjjak and batjjak are sung as exchange lines. Its name derived from the text line of "sangju hamchang gongalmot". It consists of jungmori and menaritori. It provides a simple and melancholy atmosphere.
12. Folk songs from Cheolwon & Pocheon: HantangangArirang (Oh Se-cheol's version)
HantangangArirang is Oh's own version derived from an Arirang melody sung around in Cheolwon and Pocheon areas. Its melody is close to GinArari from Gangwon provinces. It gives a simple and melancholy feeling.
¡Ü The Pulpiri (also called a chogeum ÃʱÝõ®ÐÖ, or chojeok ÃÊÀûõ®îÞ)
Oh Se-cheol (chogeum player)
The origin
Some written sources on the pulpiri can be found in Akhakgwebeom, a valuable manuscript on music, dance and other performing arts compiled by Seong Hyeon, Yu Ja-gwang, Shin Mal-pyeong, and so on in 1493 under the command of the King Seongjong in the Joseon Dynasty. The source shows materials used and playing methods of the pulpiri in great detail. It is documented that there are two ways of producing a sound on it: (i) to blow the surface of a leave, or grass that is rolled in a circular form; (ii) to blow by applying a musician's lips to the part of a slightly folded leave or grass.
Its role of playing was essential, especially in court music and was emphasised in Joseonwangjosillok, Annals of the Joseon Dynasty: (i) pulpiri master players were performed in court during the reigns of Yeonsangun and Jungjong; and (ii) one chogeum player along with the 13 blind musicians were employed and performed in important national ceremonies.
On the ground of these documents, I have been studying its playing technique for more than 30 years and have made a reference book for learners to learn it in an easy way.
The material
Materials of the pulpiri can be easily found in grasses or leaves taken out from all kinds of trees, if their shapes are smooth and wide enough to touch the player's lips. But a jagged shape towards sideways would not suit because such shape cannot be produced adequate tones. Such leaves from a willow tree, orange, acacia, peach, amur cork tree, forsythia are suitable for making the pulpiri. Particularly leaves from the peach and frosythia are good, as these have lots of fibroid material and possess good elasticity that would prevent any pitches from altering whatever to blow.
The playing method
Hold a leave, or a grass with your hands and pull it slightly towards both sides, leaving about 5 - 6mm at its upper direction. Then it will get folded slightly outwardly. From that position apply it to your lower lip and blow. The folded part will be vibrating at your upper lip and you can hear a clear sound like a piri tone colour. As seen in the figures below, the wind that comes out of your mouth cavity should be emitted through the gap of the upper lip and the grass or leave.
In order to produce high tones, you need to blow the wind from your mouth cavity hard, pulling firmly the leave with your both hands as long as it does not tear. Visa verse can be done when you require low tones. you can obtain proper tone or sound when you repeat this principle, and then you can play any tunes on the leave or grass. The piri or hojeok (also called a 'nalnari') has finger holes and these make you easy to produce tones. Although the pulpiri has not got any finger holes, it is possible for anyone to play tunes throughout many practices. In performance, heochigi (means 'hitting the tongue') is used like in playing the piri, and sometimes seochigi and mokdeureum can be used on the pulpiri as a playing technique.

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