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JEONG DAE SEOG Geomun'go RECITAL
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The Whole Cycle of Han Gap-deuk ryu Geomun'go Sanjo by Jeong Dae-seok
1 ´Ù½º¸§ Daseureum 00:29
2 Áø¾çÁ¶ 210Àå´Ü Jinyangjo 210 jangdan 33:20
3 Á߸𸮠90Àå´Ü Jungmori 90 jangdan 13:02
4 ¾ù¸ð¸® 37Àå´Ü Eotmori 37 jangdan 01:47
5 ÁßÁ߸𸮠42Àå´Ü Jungjungmori 42 jangdan 02:47
6 ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® 479Àå´Ü Jajinmori 479 jangdan 17:25
Total 68:54
¡á Àå°í / ±èÁ¤¼ö janggo : Kim Jeong-su
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ÇÑ°©µæ·ù °Å¹®°í »êÁ¶´Â ¹é³«ÁØ¿¡¼­ À̾îÁö´Â ¹Ú¼®±â·ùÀÇ °ÍÀÌ Åä´ë°¡ µÈ´Ù. ½º½Â¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹è¿î »êÁ¶¿¡ ¸¹Àº âÀÛÀ» ´õÇÔÀ¸·Î ½º½Â ¹Ú¼®±âÀÇ °¡¶ô°ú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¢ÀÛÀ» Àý¹Ý¾¿ º¸Å¾î À̸¥¹Ù <ÇÑ°©µæ·ù °Å¹®°í »êÁ¶>¸¦ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ³»³õ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇöÀç ÀüÇÏ´Â <ÇÑ°©µæ·ù °Å¹®°í »êÁ¶>´Â ¾à 70ºÐ Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ú¼®±â ¼±»ý¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹è¿î °Å¹®°í »êÁ¶ °¡¶ôÀÌ 25ºÐ Á¤µµ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ï À½¾ÇÀûÀΠâÀÛ¼º ¶ÇÇÑ °¡È÷ ¿³º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë °Å¹®°í »êÁ¶´Â Áø¾çÁ¶¡¤Á߸𸮡¤¾ù¸ð¸®¡¤ÀÚÁø¸ð¸®·Î Â¥¿©Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¹À¸³ª ÇÑ°©µæ·ù °Å¹®°í »êÁ¶´Â Áß¸ð¸®¿Í ÁßÁ߸𸮠»çÀÌ¿¡ ¾ù¸ð¸®°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù.
ÀÌ CD ´Â 1999³â 10¿ù 13ÀÏ(¼ö) ±¹¸³±¹¾Ç¿ø ¿ì¸é´ç¿¡¼­ µ¶ÁÖÇÑ ½ÇȲ³ìÀ½ÀÌ´Ù. Á¤´ë¼® ¸íÀÎÀº ÀÌ µ¶ÁÖȸ¿¡¼­ ÇÑ°©µæ·ù Àü¹ÙÅÁ(Áø¾çÁ¶ 210Àå´Ü¡¤Á߸𸮠90Àå´Ü¡¤¾ù¸ð¸® 37Àå´Ü¡¤ÁßÁ߸𸮠42Àå´Ü¡¤ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® 479Àå´Ü)À» ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¡á Âü°í¹®Çå ¹× ÀÚ·á
±èÇؼ÷¡¤¹é´ë¿õ¡¤ÃÖÅÂÇö °øÀú, ÀüÅëÀ½¾Ç°³·Ð, µµ¼­ÃâÆÇ ¾î¿ï¸², 1995.
À¯ ½Å, ÆǼҸ® ¿¹¼ú·Ð, »ïÈ£ÃâÆÇ»ç, 1990.
Àå»çÈÆ, ±¹¾Ç´ë»çÀü, ¼¼±¤À½¾ÇÃâÆÇ»ç, 1984.
Àå»çÈÆ, ÃֽŠ±¹¾ÇÃÑ·Ð, ¼¼±¤À½¾ÇÃâÆÇ»ç, 1990.
Á¤º´¿í, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÆǼҸ®, Áý¹®´ç, 1987.
Á¤È­¼ø ÆíÀú, °Å¹®°í»êÁ¶ ÇÑ°©µæ °¡¶ô, Çö´ëÀ½¾ÇÃâÆÇ»ç, 1989.
ÇÏÁÖÈ­ 亸, Çö±Ý»êÁ¶±¸À½º¸ ÇÑ°©µæ À¯À½Áý(ë¶ëåó¢), µµ¼­ÃâÆÇ ¼ö¼­¿ø(áóßöêÂ), 1997.

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¡á The Geomun'go Sanjo
Geomun'go Sanjo is a Sanjo music played on the geomun'go °Å¹®°í (6-stringed plucking zither with a suldae) and is firstly introduced to play by Paik Nak-jun (1876-1930) in 1896 when Gojong (33 year of his reign) the King ruled the Yi Dynasty towards a process of modernising Korea. Geomun'go Sanjo came into existing in an individual Sanjo for the instrument 11 years later when Gayageum Sanjo had appeared. Paik Nak-jun learned the music by imitating orally from his father's, Paik Seon-dal, lilting and became famous for his playing around the areas of Samnam. There is evidence that in his recording of his own Sanjo the jangdan structure has contained 15 jangdan of each 12-beat, 67 jangdan for jungmori. 8 jangdan for jungjungmori, 36 jangdan for eotmori and 119 jangdan for jajinmori. The overall duration of his performance lasted less than 20 minutes.
The instrument, geomun'go, was one of the most important Korean instruments, especially in Jeong'ak it is called 'the best of all the instruments that denotes Baikakjijang ¹é¾ÇÁöÀåÛÝäÅñýíÛ¡®. The geomun'go was associated with a literati culture that seonbi ¼±ºñ required to learn it as a discipline subject. So they were not allowed to play folk music on the geomun'go due to its symbol of social status at the time. When a seonbi played Geomun'go Sanjo on the instrument, he would be the subject for being alienated from his class. As the conventional social stratification became break down in the gradual process of modernisation, the music of Sanjo became drawing attention to its highly artistic form so as to settle down an essential repertory for geomun'go masters.
Geomun'go Sanjo parallels with Gayageum Sanjo in its basic frame, but Geomun'go Sanjo displays its own unique characters and taste from a number of factors. Firstly it has a unique playing technique: its sound produces by pressing the strings that are putting on the gwe ±¥ (bridges) with the left-hand. When a player pushes a finger towards beneath the string from its above, it vibrates a sound of a certain pitch on a certain gwe. The right-hand strikes or plucks the strings with a suldae ¼ú´ë (similar size of a pencil) to obtain rhythm. Secondly the role of the suldae gives a unique characters to the Sanjo performance and as a result to the sound it is produced: when the suldae hits the string with a strong impact, its vibrating and percussive sound provides a vitality of the tone and this special effect is enormous when is especially applied to the open string of a lower register. Thirdly it also has a individual quality in terms of volume and body posture.
With regard to the jangdan, it is sensed that the section of jinyangjo would be slightly faster than that of Gayageum Sanjo. In playing jinyangjo of the latter, diverse subtle notes are rendered with the left-hand by dragging a note longer, whereas the geomun'go adds to the jangdan by using sub melodies for an echoing effect of a tone. As playing technique of the geomun'go, that is different from the gayageum, depends on striking or plucking strings with the suldae, this is not allowed a note to be vibrated longer. Geomun'go Sanjo includes eotmori jangdan and does not include hwimori which is opposed to jangdan in Gayageum Sanjo. Jajinmori is the last section that differs from that of Gayageum Sanjo: jajinmori in Gayageum Sanjo repeats the same phrase with a very fast tempo and leads to flow the overall melodic sections in reserve which has a limit on the Geomun'go Sanjo.
I have previously mentioned about jo and jangdan used in the Sanjo music. Since the 1980s onwards Jeong Dae Seok ryu Geomun'go Sanjo has contained deureongjo in the jajinmori section. In a high register, it would be impossible to perceive the role of the suldae that gives a subtle and delicate sound effect, and then a sudden and strong striking downwards to the string provides an stress of certain melodies and this adds a rich echoing effect to a prolonged vibration executing on the open string.
Paik Nak-jun transmitted his version to Park Seok-gi, Shin Kwe-dong and Kim Jong-gi, and then Park Seok-gi passed it on to Han Gap-deuk, so the Geomun'go Sanjo continued to have its own new versions. The main ryupa at the present are Han Gap-deuk ryu, Shin Kwe-dong ryu and Kim Yun-deuk ryu. These three ryupa appear to be a number of similar melodies, but there are some differences in terms of playing technique, subtle use of ornamentations, or a degree of nonghyeon ³óÇöÒ×úá (various vibrations), the use of microtones, a variety of melodic addition, the method of using the suldae technique, and so on. Geomun'go Sanjo was designated as Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae No. 16 Á߿乫Çü¹®È­Àç (Important Intangible Cultural Asset) in 16 June 1967 by the government.
¡á Han Gap-deuk ryu Geomun'go Sanjo
Han Gap-deuk (a pen name = Ilcheong ÀÏûìéôì), a geomun'go master, was born in the second child of Han Seong-tae in Gwangju in Jeollanamdo on 12 December 1919 and died in Seoul in 1987. He was reared in a family of a strong musical background: his grand father, Han Deok-man was both a master daegeum and gayageum player; his father was a fine Pansori singer at the early 20th century; his two brothers - Yeong-ho and Seung-ho - were the accomplished gayageum player and Pansori singer respectively. Particularly, a wife, Park Bo-a, of Seung-ho had a musical career in Pansori and Changgeuk â±Ø (theatre music) and was actively involved in Yeoseong Geukdan ¿©¼º±Ø´Üåüàõмӥ (the Female Theatre Company). His family made a strong genealogy for Geomun'go Sanjo: they were encouraged and devoted their entire effort to music-making influenced by their parents who received a western education at that time.
Han Gap-deuk learned the complete version of Gayageum Sanjo for 3-4 years from An Gi-ok ¾È±â¿Á at the age of 8 in Gwangju. Then he was invited to play it in Japan at the age of 14. The study of the geomun'go started at the age of 13 when he began his first lesson for the geomun'go with Park Seok-gi, who lived in Yugokni, Changpyeongmyeon, Danyanggun, and who learned Geomun'go Sanjo from Paik Nak-jun, for 7-8 years, after being rejected by Paik Nak-jun to be his geomun'go teacher when Han was intrigued with the sound of the geomun'go when he heard Paik Nak-jun performing his own Sanjo in Gwangju. He learnt repertories of the instrument in the order of Julpungnyu ÁÙdz·ù, Gagog °¡°î and Sanjo which was regarded as a standard approach to learn its music, and this meant he had a solid background of its musical knowledge. Afterward from his teacher's persuasion he came up to Seoul and played with some master Pansori singers like Song Man-gap, Yi Dong-baik, Jeong Jeong-ryeol of that time at Joseon Seong'ak Yeonguso Á¶¼±¼º¾Ç¿¬±¸¼Ò (Academy of Joseon Vocal Music). He also made phonograph recordings of two well-known Pansori repertories - Shimcheongjeon ½ÉûÀü (song of Shimcheong) sung by Kim Yeon-su and Kim Jun-seop accompanying them and Heungboga Èﺸ°¡ (song of Heungbo) with O Su-am, Kim Yeon-su, Im Bang-wul, Yihwa Jung-seon with O.K. Recording Company and this time he played Bongjangchwi ºÀÀåÃë (a musical genre of the imitation of Pansori melodies performed by ensemble instruments of Si'nawi). He was appointed for the holder with musical skill on the genre of Geomun'go Sanjo as Jungyomuhyeong munhwajae Á߿乫Çü¹®È­Àç (Important Intangible Cultural Asset) No. 16 in 1978 for acknowledgement of his contribution to public performance and his own music. He retired from all the public performances in 1983 and devoted himself to teaching the geomun'go and its music.
Han Gap-deuk ryu Geomun'go Sanjo can be described as a combination of his own version and Park Seok-gi ryu which was based upon Paik Nak-jun ryu, so there is an authentic lineage of three generations of Geomun'go Sanjo. His version requires about 70 minutes, whereas Park's version lasts about 25 minutes, so the 45 minutes of the extra time is added by Han's creative melodies. In general, Geomun'go Sanjo is framed in the order of jinyangjo, jungmori, eotmori and jajinmori, but in the Han Gap-deuk ryu Geomun'go Sanjo eotmori is added in between jungmori and jungjungmori.
This CD is based on the live performance of Jeong Dae Seog took place on Wednesday, 13 October 1999 at Wumyeondang, GungnipGugakwon. Jeong Dae Seog, a master geomun'go player, played the complete version of Han Gap-deuk ryu that includes 210 jangdan for jinyangjo, 90 jangdan for jungmori, 37 jangdan for eotmori, 42 jangdan for jungjungmori, 479 jangdan for jajinmori.

¡á Profile of the performer
- Jeong Dae Seog studied the geomun'go in GugaksaYangseongso ±¹¾Ç»ç¾ç¼º¼Ò (National music academy for training Korean traditional musicians) attached to GunglipGugakwon ±¹¸³±¹¾Ç¿ø (The National Centre for Korean Traditional Performing Arts). He specialised in Korean Language at Danguk University and then studied arts further at Yong'in University. He won many competitions: two major awards of them were the first prize for the Korean Music Competition at the 15th Dong'a Music Contest and award for the 2nd Korean Composers.
His musical career as a performer and researcher is extraordinary. He made more than 40 times for recitals and joining in the orchestras with the geomun'go. He also made a number of overseas concert tour in the USA, Japan and European countries as well as participating in some international music festivals as guest musician. He was a former member of Seoul Sirip Gugak Orchestra and the leader of the KBS Gugak Orchestra. He taught music such colleges as Ehwa Women's and Chugye Yesul.
He is currently a member of the KBS Gugak Orchestra and Seoul Akhoi ¾Çȸ (the Music Society). He is also teaching music at Seoul National and Hanyang Universities. He has composed more than 30 pieces of music such well-known titles as Ilchul ÀÏÃâ, Yeollak ¿­¶ô, Surijae ¼ö¸®Àç, Dalmuri ´Þ¹«¸® and Muyeongtap ¹«¿µÅ¾ and published an collection of his own work called Surijae ¼ö¸®Àç. He wrote two books on The Geomun'go Sanjo Sebatang °Å¹®µµ»êÁ¶ ¼¼¹ÙÅÁ issued by Eunha Publication in 1990 and then The Jeong Dae Seog Geomun'go Solo Work which is a collection of his own composition illustrated above by Ehwa Women's University Press in 1994. He released his album called The Jeong Dae Seog Geomun'go Solo Performance - Surijae and Seoul Akhoi 1-11jips and more than 20 compositions and their performing recording.
He has a home page: http://www.gomungo.com.
- Kim Jeong-su became a holder of Pansori gobeop (menas "the method of playing a barrel drum" for accompanying Pansori) that was designated by Jungyomuhyeongmunhwajae No. 59 and Director at Arts Department of Yong'in University.

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