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Chung Hae-im Kayageum Piece (2)
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(Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School)
 
°¡¾ß±Ý/ Á¤ ÇØ ÀÓ Kayageum/Chung Hae-im
Àå °í/ ±è û ¸¸ Changgo/Kim Ch¡¯ung-man
 
¢´ Àü ¹Ù ÅÁ (long piece)
¨ç ´Ù½º¸§ (Taseureum) 1:37
¨è Áø¾çÁ¶ (Chinyangjo) 18:36
¨é Á߸𸮠(Chungmori) 9:21
¨ê ÁßÁ߸𸮠(Chungjungmori) 2:21
¨ë ÀÚÁø¸ð¸® (Chajinmori) 9:58
¨ì Èָ𸮠(Hwimori) 2:28
¨í ¼¼»êÁ¶½Ã (Sesanjosi) 2:09
¨î Á߸𸮠(Chungmori) 0:25
¨ï ªÀº »êÁ¶ (short piece) 13:26
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1) ïËú­ìò, ¡®Ë©÷¼ûð×µ Ê¡å¦ÐÖߤðà', °æºÏ´ëÇб³ÃâÆǺÎ, 1998.
2) ïËú­ìò, ¡®Ë©÷¼ûð×µ Ê¡å¦ÐÖߤðà¿¡ μÇÑ æÚϼ¡¯, ¡ºË©÷¼ûð×µ Ê¡å¦ÐÖߤðàæÚϼ¡» pp.115¡­141, ¹Î¼Ó¿ø, 1994.

¡á Kayageum and Changgo
The kayageum is a 12-string plucked zither with 12 movable bridges. Two types of kayageum are different in size, thickness of string, tuning, and use. The larger one of the two is called cheong-ak (court music) kayageum and and the smaller one is sanjo (folk music) kayageum. The body is made of paulownia wood, and the 12 strings are made from wound silk thread. The musical range of the sanjo kayageum is two and half octaves, and the timbre is clear, sweet, and feminine. King Kasil of the ancient Kaya Kingdom made the kayageum, and had U Reuk compose the original kayageum pieces.
The changgo is a double-headed drum with a body shaped like an hourglass. The body is made of paulownia wood and the double heads attached to the body are made from the skin of a horse. The timbre of the right head is bright and clear, and the left head is deep and grand. The changgo is the most widely employed rhythm instrument in Korean music. The changgo was first portrayed in a tomb painting from the KoguryeoKingdom (B.C. 37¡­A.D. 668) and a bell engraving from the Shilla Kingdom (A.D. 57¡­A.D. 935).

¡á Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School
Sanjo is a type of folk music that developed about 100 years ago. It is a solo instrumental piece which is played spontaneously according to various rhythms used in pansori (vocal folk music). The sanjo means the melody in disorder or improvisation, and is representative of minsok-ak (folk music). The contrast between tension and relaxation in sanjo is very impressive. The various sanjo schools of kayageum, keumungo, haegeum, taegeum, piri, etc. were passed down in different regional traditions and transmitted from teacher to disciple from generation to generation according to the genealogy. Kayageum sanjo is divided into the various schools of Southern Cheolla Province, Northern Cheolla Province, and Ch¡¯ungch¡¯eong Province. The Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School belongs to one of the Southern Cheolla Province schools.
Kang Tae-hong (1893¡­1957) was born as the third son of Kang Yong-an (an originator in Korean traditional opera) in Muan, in the Southern Cheolla Province and belonged to a successful and outstanding traditional family of musicians. He also had an outstanding talent in kayageum sanjo, kayageum pyeongchang (performing kayageum while singing a segment of pansori or a folk song), and Buddhist dance. Especially he performed kayageum using natural sounds - for example, the kyemyeon mode from the tearful voices in the houses of mourning, the hwimori melody from the sounds of rain dropping upon a paper umbrella, the chajinmori melody from the cry of frogs, and the sesanjosi melody from the the sound of pony¡¯s hoofs. He developed kayageum sanjo with a unique melody and rhythm, and he gained many disciples.
The movements of the Kayageum Sanjo of Kang Tae-hong School are taseureum, chinyangjo (18/8), chungmori (12/4), chungjungmori (12/8), chajinmori (12/8), hwimori (12/8), sesanjosi (4/4), and chungmori (12/4). Taseureum is played as improvisation before chinyangjo without changgo accompaniment. The movements from chinyangjo to sesanjosi are accompanied by the changgo. Chinyangjo means a long melody, chungmori being performed in a medium tempo, chungjungmori in a faster tempo than chungmori, chajinmori in a fast tempo, and hwimori in a very fast tempo like a whirlwind. Therefore, the sequence of movements from chinyangjo to sesanjosi increases gradually in tempo. And the 3 movements of chajinmori, hwimori, and sesanjosi provide the climax parts in the harmony of tension and relaxation. Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School sounds heavy and masculine through the use of damping the 12 strings and having a slight vibration. The Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School consists of kyemyeon mode, u mode, pyeong mode, kyeong mode, and kangsan mode. The kyemyeon mode feels sad through the use of deep, fast vibration, and descending tone. The u mode is higher than the scale of kyemyeon mode. The pyeong mode and kyeong mode (a folk song style of Kyeonggi Province) feel peaceful and light by the use of the progressive scale. The kangsan mode has both styles of kyemyeon and pyeong mode, and it sounds mysterious through the use of cross beats.
The Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School was designated as the 23rd Intangible Cultural Asset by the Korean government in 1979, and as the 8th Intangible Cultural Asset of Pusan City in 1989.
This CD is a recording of the Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School (long piece and short piece) which I learned from Shin Myeong-sook (a disciple of Kang Tae-hong) for many years and have performed for myself. The long piece is the original, entire Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School and the short piece is cut down in length from the long one.
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ÇöÀç °æºÏ´ëÇб³ ¿¹¼ú´ëÇÐ ±¹¾Ç°ú ±³¼ö·Î ÀçÁ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ºÎ»ê½Ã Áö¹æ¹®È­Àç Á¦8È£ °­ÅÂÈ«·ù °¡¾ß±Ý»êÁ¶ À̼öÀÚÀ̸ç, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±Ý±³·ùȸ, Çѱ¹±¹¾ÇÇÐȸ, Çѱ¹À½¾Ç»çÇÐȸ ȸ¿øÀ¸·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Chung Hae-im started studying kayageum at the National Korean Music Intermediate School in 1970 and graduated from the National Korean Music High School. She then entered Seoul National University to continue her Korean Music studies, and after graduating, she completed her graduate degree at Seoul National University.
She has performed numerous solo kayageum recitals, as well as being a featured invited soloist at the Memorial Recital for the 40th Anniversary of National Korean Music High School and the 1997 kayageum historical ceremony, the invited Memorial Recital for the 30th Anniversary of Korean Music at Seoul National University, and the Centenary Memorial Recital for the Birth of Kang Tae-hong, among others. In addition she has performed in the United States (at the Kennedy Center), Canada, China, and Russia. She published the Kayageum Sanjo Score of the Kang Tae-hong School (Kyungpook University Press, 1998), a thesis related to
Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School (Minsokwon Press, 1994), and has recorded two CDs.
Currently she is a professor of Korean Music at Kyungpook National University, and Pusan City designated her as a disciple in the Kayageum Sanjo of the Kang Tae-hong School (the 8th Intangible Cultural Asset in 1989).

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